Spain · Healthcare

Private first,
public after a year.

Spain's public system ranks among Europe's best — life expectancy is 84.0 years, third in the EU. But as a non-EU retiree you can't just walk in: you'll carry private insurance for year one, then can buy into the public system for €60–157 a month.

Last verified: 8 July 2026

How access works, by stage

StageYour coverCost (2026)
Visa applicationPrivate policy from a Spanish-authorised insurer — 100% cover, no copays, no waiting periods, no coverage limits. Travel insurance not acceptedIndicatively ~€105–165+/month per person at 65–70 (market average ~€164/month at 65) — insurer pricing, treat as approximate
Year 1 in SpainSame private policy, maintained throughout. Working residents who pay into Seguridad Social get SNS cover directly insteadAs above
After 1 year's registered residenceEligible for the convenio especial — a formal buy-in to the public system (SNS) via your region€60/month under 65 · €157/month 65+ (RD 576/2013, rates unchanged in 2026); regions may add supplements
Long termAccess routes depend on your status — working residents contribute via social security; many retirees stay on the convenio or keep private coverVaries
What the convenio especial covers — and doesn't. It buys the full basic SNS portfolio: primary care, specialists, hospital care, urgent transport — with no copays and no waiting periods. But outpatient prescriptions are 100% patient-paid under the convenio (no subsidy), as are orthoprosthetics and dietetics. Eligibility requires proof of at least 1 year of continuous residence in Spain immediately before applying, current empadronamiento, and no other public-cover route.

Prescription copays changed in May 2026

A decree approved 12 May 2026 (validated by Congress 28 May) restructured pharmacy copays for those inside the contributory system. For pensioners, copays are now income-banded with monthly caps — most older copy on "the 10/40/50/60 system" is out of date:

Pensioner incomeCopayMonthly cap (2026)
Under €18,00010%€8.23
€18,000 – €60,00010%€13.37
€60,000 – €100,00010%€18.52
€100,000 and above60%€61.75

Pensioners on minimum-pension complements are automatically exempt. Note these bands apply to people with contributory SNS coverage — convenio especial holders pay prescriptions in full regardless.

The quality question

Outcomes

84.0 years

Life expectancy at birth (2024, provisional) — 3rd highest in the EU behind Italy and Sweden (84.1). Spanish women, at 86.7, rank #1 in the EU. EU average: 81.7.

Capacity

4.4 doctors / 1,000

Practising physicians per 1,000 people (OECD, Health at a Glance 2025) vs an OECD average of 3.9. Major hubs — Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia's La Fe — run some of Europe's top-ranked public hospitals.

Private sector

Age caps exist

Private insurers commonly cap new enrolments between 65 and 75, insurer-dependent. If you're close to that band, arrange cover before you move, not after.

In this section

Guides

Coming soon

The convenio especial, step by step

Documents, regional differences, and what the buy-in actually gets you.

Coming soon

Private insurance in your 60s

Visa-compliant policies compared: age caps, exclusions, and real premiums.

Coming soon

Medicare and your move

What to do with Part B, and why Medicare doesn't travel.

Sources

  1. Ministerio de Sanidad — convenio especial (rates, eligibility, coverage): sanidad.gob.es · RD 576/2013: boe.es
  2. Ministerio de Sanidad — May 2026 prescription copay reform (press note): sanidad.gob.es
  3. Visa insurance requirements — Consulate General of Spain in Washington: exteriores.gob.es · Toronto: exteriores.gob.es
  4. Life expectancy — Eurostat (11 Sep 2025 release, 2024 data): ec.europa.eu/eurostat
  5. Doctors per 1,000 — OECD Health at a Glance 2025: oecd.org
  6. Private premium figures are insurer/broker pricing (Adeslas, DKV, Mapfre, Sanitas, mid-2026) — indicative only; no official price statistics exist.
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